What is gauge in relation to firearms?

Gauge in relation to firearms specifically refers to a measure of shot shell diameter, particularly for shotguns. This measurement indicates the diameter of the bore of the shotgun, with a lower gauge number signifying a larger bore size. For example, a 12-gauge shotgun has a larger diameter than a 20-gauge shotgun. This system can be somewhat confusing as the gauge number is inversely related to the size; hence, smaller gauges, like a 10-gauge, have a larger internal bore compared to a 20-gauge.

Understanding gauge is essential for hunters and shooters as it affects shot pattern, recoil, and the type of ammunition that can be used in a firearm. Each gauge also corresponds to specific types of ammunition designed to work effectively with that diameter. This knowledge helps in selecting the appropriate firearm for specific hunting or shooting situations.